Marseille Provence Airport: Rent a car at the airport and drive to Gordes; it is roughly 1 hr 15 min in normal traffic. This is the actually useful option for a Luberon stay, though summer rental rates can be steep (roughly €35–80+ a day before fuel and insurance). Public transport via Marseille/Avignon and regional buses is slow, infrequent, and poor with luggage.
Avignon TGV station: The best rail gateway from Paris and other major French cities—Paris to Avignon TGV is about 2 hr 40 min. Pick up a rental car at Avignon TGV and drive about 45–55 minutes to Gordes. A taxi/private transfer is viable for a one-way stay but expect it to cost far more than a day’s car hire; do not count on a seamless rail-to-village connection.
Avignon Centre station: Useful only if you are already staying in central Avignon. Hire a car or take a pre-booked taxi for the roughly 45–55-minute road trip to Gordes. Regional buses exist but are limited and do not make a sensible first-arrival transfer with bags.
Cavaillon station: The nearest practical conventional rail stop. From there, Gordes is roughly 25–35 minutes by car or taxi. It can work if you are connecting from regional trains, but it is not a substitute for having a car once you arrive.